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                                PPre-Kindergarten Standards
Top Mathematicians
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  Number and Operations- 
            P.NO.1
            Shows understanding of how to combine sets and remove from a concrete set of objects (receptive knowledge)
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            P.NO.1.a
            Child indicates there are more when combining (adding) sets of objects.
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            P.NO.1.b
            Child indicates there are less (fewer) when removing (subtracting) objects from a set.
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            P.NO.2
            Shows understanding of addition and subtraction using a concrete set of objects (expressive knowledge) or story problems found in everyday classroom activities
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            P.NO.2.a
            Child combines sets of objects to equal a set no larger than 10.
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            P.NO.2.b
            Child removes objects from a set no larger than 10.
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            P.NO.2.c
            Child uses concrete objects (e.g., fingers, blocks) to solve complex problems.
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            P.NO.3
            Begins to develop an understanding of separating a set into a maximum of four parts, with teacher support and multiple experiences over time
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            P.NO.1
            
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  Patterns and Seriation- 
            P.PS.1
            Understands characteristics of patterns and non-patterns and begins to reproduce them with at least two elements (e.g., red/blue, red/blue versus a non-pattern like a rainbow)
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            P.PS.1.a
            Child recognizes patterns and non-patterns.
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                      P.17Mixed Patterns5
 
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            P.PS.1.b
            Child duplicates identical patterns with at least two elements.
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                      P.17Mixed Patterns5
 
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            P.PS.1.c
            Child recognizes pattern units (e.g., red/blue is the pattern unit of a red/blue/red/blue/red/blue pattern; dog/cat/cow is the pattern unit of a dog/cat/cow/dog/cat/cow pattern).
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                      P.17Mixed Patterns5
 
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            P.PS.1.d
            Child begins to independently produce patterns with at least two elements (e.g., red/blue, red/blue), with teacher support and multiple experiences over time.
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            P.PS.2
            Sorts, orders, compares, and describes objects according to characteristics or attribute(s) (seriation)
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            P.PS.2.a
            Child places objects in increasing order of size where the increasing unit is constant (e.g., unit blocks).
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            P.PS.2.b
            Child verbalizes why objects were placed in order (e.g., describes process of how and why), with teacher support and multiple experiences over time.
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            P.PS.1
            
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  Geometry- 
            P.G.1
            Understands various two-dimensional shapes, including circle, triangle, square, rectangle, oval, and other less common shapes (e.g., trapezoid, rhombus)
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            P.G.1
            Shows understanding of spatial relationships and uses position words (e.g., above, below, next to, beside, on top of, inside, outside)
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            P.G.1.a
            Child shows understanding of positional words (receptive knowledge).
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                      P.25Positions - Inside and Outside5
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                      P.26Positions - Left, Middle, Right5
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                      P.27Positions - Top, Middle, Bottom5
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                      P.28Positions - Above, Below5
 
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            P.G.1.a
            Child categorizes (sorts) examples of two-dimensional shapes.
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            P.G.1.b
            Child names two-dimensional shapes.
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                      P.18Identify Shapes II5
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                      P.19Identify Shapes I5
 
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            P.G.1.b
            Child uses the positional terms verbally (expressive knowledge) (e.g., in front of, behind, between, over, through, under), with teacher support and multiple experiences over time.
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                      P.25Positions - Inside and Outside5
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                      P.26Positions - Left, Middle, Right5
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                      P.27Positions - Top, Middle, Bottom5
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                      P.28Positions - Above, Below5
 
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            P.G.1.c
            Child constructs examples of two-dimensional shapes.
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            P.G.1.d
            Child identifies the number of sides of two-dimensional shapes.
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                      P.20Compare Sides and Corners5
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                      P.21Count Sides and Corners5
 
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            P.G.2
            Shows understanding that two-dimensional shapes are equivalent (remain the same) in different orientations
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            P.G.2
            Describes relative position from different perspectives (e.g., "I am on top of the climber and you are below me.")
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            P.G.2.a
            Child slides shapes, with teacher support and multiple experiences over time.
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            P.G.2.b
            Child flips shapes, with teacher support and multiple experiences over time.
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            P.G.2.c
            Child rotates shapes, with teacher support and multiple experiences over time.
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            P.G.3
            Understands and can tell the difference between orientation terms (e.g., horizontal, diagonal, vertical)
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            P.G.3
            Understands various three-dimensional shapes, including sphere, cube, cone, and other less common shapes (e.g., cylinder, pyramid)
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            P.G.3.a
            Child categorizes (sorts) examples of three-dimensional shapes.
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            P.G.3.b
            Child names three-dimensional shapes.
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                      P.22Identify Solid Figures5
 
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            P.G.4
            Analyzes and constructs examples of simple symmetry and nonsymmetry in two dimensions, using concrete objects
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                      P.23Symmetry5
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                      P.24Select Symmetry5
 
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            P.G.4
            Uses directions to move through space and find places in space (e.g., obstacle courses, Simon Says, Mother May I?, hopscotch, giving simple directions)
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            P.G.1
            
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  Measurement and Data- 
            P.MD.1
            Engages in activities that explore measurement
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            P.MD.2
            Compares continuous quantities using length, weight, and height
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            P.MD.2.a
            Child measures or compares the length of one or more objects using a non-standard reference (e.g., paper clips), with teacher support and multiple experiences over time.
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            P.MD.2.b
            Child measures or compares the weight of one or more objects using non-standard reference (e.g., beans), with teacher support and multiple experiences over time.
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            P.MD.2.c
            Child measures or compares the height of one or more objects using non-standard reference (e.g., pencils), with teacher support and multiple experiences over time.
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            P.MD.2.d
            Child uses measurement vocabulary (e.g., length, weight, height) and comparative terminology (e.g., more, less, shorter, longer, heaviest, lightest), with teacher support and multiple experiences over time.
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                      P.29Long and Short5
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                      P.30Tall and Short5
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                      P.31Light and Heavy5
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                      P.32Holds More or Less5
 
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            P.MD.3
            Represents and analyzes data
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            P.MD.3.a
            Child assists with collecting and sorting materials to be graphed.
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            P.MD.3.b
            Child works with teacher and small groups to represent mathematical relations in charts and graphs.
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            P.MD.3.c
            Child analyzes, with teacher and small groups, the relationship between items/objects represented by charts and graphs.
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                      P.34Counting with Charts10
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                      P.35Interpreting Graphs5
 
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            P.MD.4
            Child predicts the results of a data collection, with teacher support and multiple experiences over time.
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            P.MD.1
            
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  Number Sense- 
            P.NS.1
            Demonstrates understanding of one-to-one correspondence
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            P.NS.1.a
            Child demonstrates one-to-one correspondence when counting.
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                      P.2Count by Typing10
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                      P.3Count Objects5
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                      P.4Count Objects Using Multiple Choice5
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                      P.5Count Objects10
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                      P.6Count Objects Using Multiple Choice10
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                      P.7Count Objects Up to 20 Using Multiple Choice10
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                      P.8Count Using Multiple Choice Objects Up to 2010
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                      P.9Count Using Grouped Objects Up to 2020
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                      P.10Count Objects Up to 2010
 
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            P.NS.1.b
            Child demonstrates one-to-one correspondence to determine if two sets are equal.
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                      P.11Fewer and More - Comparing5
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                      P.12Fewer, Equal and More5
 
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            P.NS.2
            Shows understanding of how to count and construct sets
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            P.NS.2.a
            Child counts sets in the range of 10 to 15 objects.
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                      P.5Count Objects10
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                      P.6Count Objects Using Multiple Choice10
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                      P.7Count Objects Up to 20 Using Multiple Choice10
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                      P.8Count Using Multiple Choice Objects Up to 2010
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                      P.9Count Using Grouped Objects Up to 2020
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                      P.10Count Objects Up to 2010
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                      P.13Count by Typing I10
 
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            P.NS.2.b
            Child constructs sets in the range of 10 to 15 objects.
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                      P.5Count Objects10
 
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            P.NS.3
            Shows understanding by participating in the comparison of quantities
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            P.NS.3.a
            Child compares two sets to determine if they are equal.
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                      P.11Fewer and More - Comparing5
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                      P.12Fewer, Equal and More5
 
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            P.NS.3.b
            Child compares two sets to determine if one set has more.
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            P.NS.3.c
            Child compares two sets to determine if one set has fewer.
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            P.NS.3.d
            Child determines one set of objects is a lot more than another set of objects.
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            P.NS.4
            Assigns and relates numerical representations among numerals (written), sets of objects, and number names (spoken) from zero to 10
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                      P.13Count by Typing I10
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                      P.15Count Using Multiple Choice Objects5
 
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            P.NS.5
            Counts and knows the sequence of number names (spoken)
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            P.NS.5.a
            Child counts and recognizes number names (spoken) in the range of 10 to 15.
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                      P.13Count by Typing I10
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                      P.16Names of Numbers10
 
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            P.NS.5.b
            Child counts up through 31 by understanding the pattern of adding by one, with teacher support and multiple experiences over time.
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            P.NS.6
            Shows understanding of and uses appropriate terms to describe ordinal positions
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            P.NS.6.a
            Child demonstrates the concept of ordinal position with concrete objects (e.g., children or objects).
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            P.NS.6.b
            Child names ordinal positions (e.g., first, second, third, fourth, fifth).
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            P.NS.1